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Overview of the Continent of Europe

Overview of the Continent of Europe

Europe is one of the seven continents of the world. Geographically, it is a large peninsula that forms the western part of Eurasia between the Ural Mountains and the Caucasus Mountains and the Caspian Sea from the east, the Atlantic Ocean from the west, the seas of the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea and the Caucasus region from the south and the Arctic Ocean from the north of the continent.

General information about the continent of Europe

It is considered a relatively small continent compared to the rest of the continents, but the continent of Australia is smaller than it. Besides Europe’s geographical boundaries, the concept of continental boundaries goes back to classical and arbitrary antiquity, where the term “continent” became primarily geographical but also includes cultural and political elements.

Historians agree that Europe, especially in ancient Greece and ancient Rome, is the cradle of Western civilization influencing the world. Europe played a prominent role in world affairs starting in the fifteenth century, especially after the beginning of colonialism. Between the sixteenth and twentieth centuries, European states dominated the Americas, most of Africa and Oceania, and large parts of Asia at various times. The Industrial Revolution, which began in Great Britain at the end of the eighteenth century, led to radical economic, cultural, and social changes first in Western Europe, and then to include the world. European population growth has increased dramatically, as by 1900, Europe accounted for about 25% of the world’s total population.

Culture and history

Fossils discovered by scientists indicate that the first humans lived in Europe more than a million years ago. The most important known forms of prehistoric humans are Neanderthals and Crohmans. Neanderthals lived around the period 100,000 to 35,000 years ago, and the Chromanian lived between 40,000 to 10,000 years ago. They lived by hunting, often moving from place to place in search of food. They live in groups of between 25 and 30 individuals.
In southeastern Europe around the year 6000 BC, humans learned how to obtain their strength by cultivating the land. This early development paved the way for putting the final touches to the emergence of civilizations that in turn led to the stability of man who was constantly on the move in search of food. And when he settled in a certain place, he would establish villages. Some of these villages later developed and became the nucleus of the first European cities. After about the year 6000 BC, more and more numbers of ancient Europeans began to turn towards agriculture, as agriculture became the main source of food until the end of the prehistoric period, that is, about the year 3000 BC. M, spread all over Europe except for the dense forests in the north.

The first European civilizations erupted in the Aegean islands in eastern Greece. The Aegean civilization flourished between 3000 BC. AD and 1200 BC The inhabitants of some Aegean islands, especially on the island of Crete, used a writing system, as were adventurous sailors and merchants. A civilization similar to the Aegean civilization appeared on the island of Malta, southern Italy. And after the year 2500 BC.

Almost sailors from the Aegean and Island of Malta sailed along the southern and western coasts of Europe. They were introducing to the people they found their way and their way of life.

touristical monuments

Greek islands (Greece)

The islands are a beautiful place to visit, and there is no doubt that the Greek island is one of the wonderful and attractive places that can be visited in Greece. The islands feature white houses, blue domed churches, cliffs, beaches and the Aegean Sea making it an amazing and popular place.

Hallstatt (Austria)

This is a very quiet city, it is the oldest salt mine in the world, there are plenty of sites for fishing and rental boats to veer up the river. Primarily located between Vienna and Salzburg, this city is the ideal place for recreation.

Rome (Italy)

Rome is the most wonderful city and European capital city for European holidays, simply because it is one of the amazing European capitals. Rome has its history and culture.

Venice, Italy)

Italy is a magical place, including Venice, a city that should not be missed due to its beauty and charm. It has a large share of history, art, and magnificent buildings, so you cannot visit Italy without enjoying the beauty and splendor of Venice.

London (UK)

One of the great places to visit in the UK, and definitely one of the most amazing places to visit in Europe. The city is the jewel of British life, and you can enjoy loads of cafes and restaurants. There is also a natural history museum.

Paris France)

One of the most visited places in Europe, Paris has a lot to offer from fashion to food, and there is also the Eiffel Tower and Notre Dame. This wonderful city with its joy and distinctive style in the old buildings, this wonderful and amazing city and it has its picturesque charm.

Athens, Greece)

Athena is the capital of Greece, unforgettable smells and sights await Athena. There is a lot to see, besides enjoying eating, it is also one of the most unusual places in Europe.

Amsterdam (Netherlands)

Amsterdam is really a beautiful city. Because of its free running channels, you can explore the royal palace, plus there is a lot in this city to keep busy despite its reputation, the city is filled with amazing life.

Madrid (Spain)

Madrid is the terrible and wonderful city in Europe, which is enjoyed in beautiful restaurants. Madrid is one of the most amazing places to visit. This city contains museums of modern art, and you can enjoy the nightlife.

Tourism in Jordan

Tourist places in Jordan

General information about Jordan

The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan mediates the Arab world and is located in close proximity to many countries such as Turkey, Greece and Egypt. It is also considered a university of many cultures and backgrounds such as Arab, Western, Turkish and others, which makes it an important tourist destination in the region, in addition to the great history that Carry it, which is reflected in cultural and religious tourism, as it was passed by a number of prophets, as well as being a container for one of the Seven Wonders of the World Petra.

The best tourist places in Jordan

Petra

The “City of Roses” is a hand-carved cave, temple, and tombs carved from fine pink sandstone in the upper desert of Jordan some 2,000 years ago. And it is considered one of the Seven Wonders of the World, as millions of tourists flock to it annually to see it.

Wadi Rum

It is considered one of the most beautiful deserts in the world, and it is a Jordanian reserve, where people can enjoy the beauty of desert scenery between towering valleys and the heights of rocky mountains. It features magnificent sandstone mountains such as Mount Umm Ichrin, which has multiple domes and natural arches. It also has many prehistoric inscriptions lined with rocky caves and sharp crevasses.

Dead Sea

One of the most prominent landmarks of Jordan and the most important tourist destinations in it is the Dead Sea, which is located between Jordan and Palestine, where tourists from different parts of the world come to it for the purpose of recreation and swimming or for the purpose of health tourism, as the sea has many health benefits to the body as it contributes to treating some diseases, especially diseases Skin, psoriasis, and others.

Roman theater in Amman.

It is a famous landmark in the Jordanian capital, Amman, and dates back to the second century of the Roman era, when the city was known as Philadelphia. The theater was built during the reign of Antoninus Pius (138-161 AD). The large and renewed structure can accommodate about 6000 people. It was divided into three horizontal sections and there are side entrances at ground level, one leading to the orchestra and the other to the stage. The rooms behind these entrances now include the Jordanian Museum of Folklore on one side, and the Jordanian Museum of Folklore on the other side.

Tourism in Latvia

Tourist places in Latvia

General information about Latvia

It is a country located in the Baltic Sea region in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by Estonia (the length of the border is 343 km), to the south by Lithuania (588 km), to the east by the Russian Federation (276 km) and to the southeast by Belarus (141 km), and it shares a maritime border to the west with Sweden.

It is one of the least populated and densely populated countries in the European Union. The capital of Latvia is Riga, and the Latvian language is the official language and its currency is Lats. On January 1, 2014, it was replaced by the euro. The country has a moderate seasonal climate.
The Latvian people are Baltic and culturally related to Estonians and Lithuanians. Latvians are the indigenous people of Latvia along with the Levans of the Finno-Ugric ethnicity.

Culture and history in Latvia
In terms of geography, land and population, Latvia is the center between the three Baltic states: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. Latvia shares its history with Estonia during the periods of German, Polish-Lithuanian, Swedish, Russian, Nazi-German, and Soviet rule, Christianization in the thirteenth century, and the Protestant Reformation in the sixteenth century. Both countries are home to a large number of ethnic Russians (27.4% in Latvia and 26% in Estonia) some of them are non-citizens. The history of Latvia is predominantly Protestant, with the exception of the Latgalia region in the southeast of the country, which has a predominantly Catholic history.

The name Latvia comes from the ancient Latgalians, who are one of the Indo-European Baltic tribes, which together with the Coronians, Selonians and Simeigal tribes formed the ethnic core of the Latvian people today.

Around the beginning of the third millennium BC, the Proto-Baltic ancestors of the Latvian people settled the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea.

Latvia is famous for folklore, especially folk songs dating back about 1000 years, which were distinguished by more than 1.2 million texts and 30,000 folk melodies.

Tourist areas of Latvia
The ancient city of Riga
It includes cobbled streets and medieval buildings there. When you open your arms in Rosina, the narrowest street in Riga, you can touch opposite walls together, and you can also eat local traditional meals in one of the famous restaurants.

The city of Kuldega
This city is located on the banks of the River Venta, 155 kilometers from the capital, Riga. It dates back to the Middle Ages and is ideal for a romantic break, or for hiking, cycling, horses, fishing or taking a boat out for walks.

Rondal Palace and Museum
It is located in the fertile plains of southern Latvia. The interior “decorations” date back to the period between 1765 and 1768 and are the creativity of the German sculptor Johan Michael Graf, the Italian painters Francesco Martini and Carlo Zuchi. The building includes art galleries, fine arts and historical galleries, and the palace hosts a festival. Music and classical music concerts, and the place can be visited daily from ten in the morning until six thirty in the evening.

Guaja National Park
It is the oldest and largest national park in “Latvia” and the park is distinguished by its biological diversity, topography, natural springs and caves, as the park extends over more than 90 thousand hectares, so one day will not be enough to enjoy the magic of all parts of the place.

Tourism in Russia

Tourist places in Russia

Tourism in Russia, Red Square in Moscow

Information about tourism in Russia, which is growing thanks to the rich cultural heritage and wonderful natural diversity. In the traveler’s guide, we review Russia’s tourist attractions and details of the most important and largest tourist cities.

Officially known as the Russian Federation, it is a republican semi-presidential country in Northern Eurasia that includes 83 federated entities.

Russia shares borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, the People’s Republic of China, Mongolia, and North Korea.

It also has a maritime border with Japan in the Sea of ​​Okhotsk and the United States via the Bering Strait.

Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering 1/8 of the world’s inhabited land area, with an area of ​​17,075,400 square kilometers (6,592,800 square miles).

Tourism in Russia
Russia extends across the whole of northern Asia and 40% of Europe, and covers nine time zones and includes a wide range of environments and terrain. It has the world’s largest reserves of mineral and energy resources and has the world’s largest reserves of forests and lakes, which contain nearly a quarter of the world’s fresh water.

Culture and history
The country’s history began with the emergence of the East Slavs as a recognized group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. In the ninth century AD, the Kievan Rus’ principality was established by the Frankish warriors, and Orthodox Christianity was adopted as a religion in 988 due to the influence of the Byzantine Empire, and that was the beginning of the blending of the Slavic and Byzantine cultures, which together formed the features of Russian culture for the next millennium.

Kievan Rus’ eventually fragmented into a number of small states, and most of the Russian lands fell into the hands of the Mongol invasion in 1223, and became subordinate to the Golden Horde. Later, the Duchy of Moscow gradually began to unify its neighboring emirates and succeeded in independence from the rule of the Golden Horde, and was able to inherit the political and cultural legacy of Kievan Rus.By the eighteenth century, the country expanded greatly through invasions, wars and exploration, to generate the Russian Empire, which became the third largest empire in history. Its influence extends from Poland in Europe to Alaska in North America.

At the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century, Russian cuisine began to compete with the famous French cuisine in terms of its influence and popularity in Europe. Some authentic Russian food was included in the menus of restaurants all over the world, and perhaps the most famous one was Studien, Shi.

Tourist areas of Russia
Russian Federation, Eurasian Mosaic. It has plenty of beauty and charm, and an important historical and strategic position meets in Russia, where the most beautiful architectural artifacts reside, which attract millions of travelers every year. Learn about the most beautiful tourist cities in it

Moscow
In addition to being the capital of Russia, it is also the center of culture and politics of the country with a population of about 10,562,099 people. This city is famous for its huge Soviet buildings such as the Russian National Library and parks, in addition to tourist attractions, including Red Square or Red Square, the Kremlin and the Russian Historical Mystery.

Sochi
The city of Sochi is located in southern Russia and attracts a large number of tourists, as it combines beaches, picturesque nature, archaeological museums, and others. Its climate is temperate throughout the year and is famous for its spas, gardens and parks, so a must-visit is the Riviera Park, the Godlec Castle and the Temple of Lou.

Novgorod
It is located at the confluence of the Volga and Oka rivers and has an area of ​​more than 410 square kilometers. It is 400 km from the capital, Moscow, and has historical and architectural landmarks, and you can take a boat trip on the Volkhov River to enjoy stunning views.

Saint Petersburg
It is located northwest of Russia, formerly known as Leningrad, and is the second largest Russian city. It has a population of 5,191,690 people and combines buildings, museums and waterways, making it similar to Venice in Italy. Also, the most important performances of opera and ballet are held in it. When you travel to this city, we recommend you to visit the Hermitage Museum, which contains the most important paintings in the world, the Peter and Paul Fortress, and the Russian Museum.

Kazan
This city is located at the confluence of the Volga and Kazanka rivers in European Russia and is known as the sports capital of Russia. There are many tourist attractions, including the Qul Sherif Mosque, being the capital of Chechnya and the Leaning Tower.

Tourism in Belarus

Tourist places in Belarus

General information about Belarus

Most of the population of Belarus resides in the urban areas surrounding Minsk and other capital cities (regions) forming the country. More than 80% of the population is Belarusian, with significant minorities of Russians, Poles and Ukrainians. Since a referendum was held in 1995, the two official languages ​​of the country have become Belarusian and Russian.

The Constitution of Belarus does not declare the official religion even though the main religion in the country is Russian Orthodox Christianity. The second faith is Catholic Christianity, with a much smaller number of followers, but both Easter and Christmas are officially observed and considered public holidays.

Culture and history

Belarusian literature began with religious writings between the eleventh and thirteenth centuries, represented by Cyril’s Toravian poetry from the twelfth century. By the 16th century, Polotsk resident Francesk Skaryna translated the Bible into Belarusian. It was published in Prague and Vilnius between 1517 and 1525, making it the first book printed in Belarus or anywhere in Eastern Europe. The modern stage of Belarusian literature began in the late nineteenth century. One of the most important ones is Yanka Kupala. Several prominent Belarusian writers of the time, such as Oladzimir Zelka, Kazimir Svayak, Jakob Kolas, Jmitrok Piadula and Maxim Haritsky wrote for a Belarusian-language newspaper called Nasha Niva, published in Vilnius.

After Belarus was incorporated into the Soviet Union, the Soviet government took control of the republic’s cultural affairs. The free development of literature only in the territories fell under Polish control until the Soviets took control of it in 1939. Many poets and writers were exiled after the Nazi occupation of Belarus, and did not return until the 1960s. The last attempts to revive the past of Belarusian literature appeared in the 1960s through the novels of Vasil Bekav and Oladzimir Karatievich.

Tourist areas in Belarus
Mir Castle complex (Mirsky Zamuk)

The Mir Castle complex (Mirsky Zamuk) is an outstanding example of fortification art dating back to the 16th century. It is located in the town of Mir in the Grodno region of Belarus. The construction of this Gothic-style castle in Belarus began in 1520 by Duke Ilyench. Mykolai Radziwela Palace was built with three floors along the eastern and northern walls of the fortress which has forty rooms. The walls were built surrounded by a moat. And an artificial lake was created in the south.

Minsk
The capital of Belarus, it is a modern city dominated by monumental Stalinist architecture. Many of its museums, theaters, and other cultural attractions are located on Istiklal Street, this famous square is located in close proximity to the huge KGB headquarters and the Church of the New Roman Saints Simon and Helena, also known as the Red Church.
Close to Independence Square is the Museum of the Great Patriotic War, which commemorates the nation’s role in WWII, and the National Museum of Art, which displays hundreds of local artworks.

Grodno
It is a city in western Belarus, near the Polish and Lithuanian borders. On the banks of the Neman River, the city is characterized by its greenness and also contains the old castle, which was considered a palace of the Renaissance, which dates back to the eleventh century. Nearby, a new village was built in the 18th century as a royal residence. There is also another tourist attraction in the city, which is the steadfast Kloza church from the twelfth century, which is decorated with polished stones and terracotta tiles.

Tourism in Estonia

General information about Estonia

It is a country located in the Baltic Sea region in northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland, on the west by the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia, and to the east by Lake Peipus and the Russian Federation.

Officially called the Republic of Estonia, Estonia is named after the Roman writer Tacitus, as in his book Germania he described a group of people called Assiti, in the ancient Norse sagas, referring to a country called Acetland.

Estonia’s climate is influenced by its geographical location. It is located in the Mixed Forest, a sub-region of the Atlantic continental zone, which in turn belongs to the temperate regions. It is also located on a transitional zone between the influence of a coastal climate and a continental climate. [16] According to the climatic classification called the Köppen classification, the western part of Estonia falls within a coastal climate zone with mild winters, while the eastern part of the country is within the range of a continental and humid climate with severe winters.

Culture and history in Estonia

Human settlement in Estonia became possible about 11,000 to 13,000 years ago, when the ice from the last ice age melted. The oldest humane colonization of Estonia was the colonization of the Puli, which was on the banks of the Pärnu River, near the town of Sindy, in the southwest of Estonia. According to the Chronicle, decolonization took place about 11,000 years ago, at the beginning of the ninth millennium BC.
Evidence of hunting and fishing communities was found around 6500 BC near the town of Cunda in northern Estonia. Handicraft of bone and stone similar to those found in Cunda are also found elsewhere in Estonia, as well as in Latvia, northern Lithuania and southern Finland. The kunda culture belongs to the middle stone age.
The end of the Bronze Age and the beginning of the Iron Age were marked by major cultural changes. The biggest change that happened was the move to agriculture, which remained the core of culture and economy. Between the fifth and first centuries AD, home farming was widely established, the population increased and colonialism expanded. There were cultural influences of Estonia coming from the Roman Empire.

Estonia has been an important transit center since the medieval period. The country’s favorable geographical location, along with its developing infrastructure, provides good opportunities for all transportation and logistical related activities. Rail transport dominates the freight sector, carrying 70% of all goods, both domestic and international.
The road transport sector dominates the passenger transport, nearly 90% of all travelers travel by land. The rebuilding of the Tallinn-Tartu motorway has gained national attention as it connects two of the largest cities in the country. Reconstruction of highways (2 + 2 road) is part of the current coalition government program. Also the proposed permanent connection to Saaremaa Island is in the National Infrastructure Building Program. The costs of these projects have been estimated in billions of euros, which also gained a lot of media attention and caused public discussions about the viability.

Tourist areas in Estonia

Tallinn the capital

The city of Tallinn, the capital of Estonia, is located on the southern shore of the Gulf of Finland, and is an industrial and cultural center for Estonia and a major seaport, in addition to its richness as a historic city, and its residents were subject to many rulers, the last of whom was the Russians.

In 1991 Estonia declared its independence and now appears to be the most converging Baltic country with Western civilization, and this city, which preserved its medieval identity, embraced capitalism, and restaurants, hotels and shops opened every day, and the heart of Tallinn lies in the city located within the walls, and it is interesting to see Watchtowers, fortifications, surviving shops from the Middle Ages, and churches behind the walls that surround them.

Tallinn has a maritime climate, with temperatures ranging from 50 to 80 degrees on the Fahrenheit scale from May to September, and in summer temperatures remain around 65 degrees on the same scale, and summer continues in June through August.

Tourism in Estonia 

One of the best ways to spend time in Tallinn is to explore the old city, which was once two separate cities belonging to the Middle Ages, separated from each other by a wall, and the first is called Dom Hill, which is the upper city, and it is the seat of the ruling authority, while the lower city is located in the old city square, and it was a residence for merchants And a center of trade, the two cities are linked by two narrow steep streets.

Estonia has the distinction of being a country of lakes and islands like the rest of the Baltic countries, in addition to forests, which qualifies it to be a promising tourist destination of its youth, as it gained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, and it needs more development of infrastructure and hospitality services to attract tourists.

As for Tallinn, the capital, it is somewhat conservative compared to other European cities, and tourism is an important sector in this country, as it contributes about 15% of the country’s national income, in addition to food products, chemicals and wood products, where there are many forests.

Castles and History
Estonia, especially Tallinn, is famous for its many tourist attractions, the most prominent of which are historical castles and ancient churches, and the ancient area of ​​Tallinn is today one of the areas of human heritage that enjoys protection from UNESCO, and it is completely far from any change in its traditional old buildings made of cobalt stones Secret narrow staircases, and plenty of paths and paths that dazzle visitors at every corner.

You also find some workers practicing a lot of old traditional work, which does not stop the fun, but rather takes you to squares and other streets, parks and many landmarks left by the Soviet regime, especially in the north of the country.

Finmere
The Finmere region is located in the eastern part of the Baltic Sea in Estonia, b

Tourism in Denmark

Tourist places in Denmark

General information about Denmark

From Scandinavia to Northern Europe. It is located southwest of Sweden and southern Norway, and is bordered to the south by Germany. Denmark overlooks both the Baltic and North Seas.

The country consists of a large peninsula, Jutland (Jutland) and many islands, most notably Zeeland, Vonn, Vändssel T (usually considered part of Jutland), Lüland, Falster and Bornholm as well as hundreds of smaller islands often referred to as the Danish archipelago. Denmark has long dominated the entrance to the Baltic Sea. Before the digging of the Kiel Canal, the waterway to the Baltic Sea was through three channels known as the Danish Straits.

Culture and history in Denmark
Copenhagen is home to many famous sites and a tourist attraction, including Tivoli Gardens, Amalienburg Palace (home of the Danish Royal Family), Christiansborg Palace, Copenhagen Cathedral, Rosenborg Castle, Opera House, Frederick Church (Marble Church), Museum Thorvaldsens, Rundtarn, Nyhavn and the Little Mermaid statue. Copenhagen was ranked the most liveable city in the world by Monocle magazine.

The second largest city in Denmark is Aarhus. Aarhus is an ancient Viking city and one of the oldest cities in the country. The city cathedral is the largest cathedral in Denmark and the second largest in Northern Europe.

Tourist areas in Denmark
Tivoli Gardens
One of the most famous tourist attractions in Europe, Tivoli Gardens was established in 1843, the park is distinguished by its wonderful views to display flowers, and it has become an important gardens for important social centers and a creative outlet for many theater groups, as well as many entertainment places, games, and shops And restaurants. This park hosts many seasonal festivals with huge crowds.

Bornholm
It is a picturesque Danish island known for fishing, and is characterized by arts, crafts and industry. Bornholm is located in the Baltic Sea, near the shores of Germany, Poland and Sweden from Denmark, which gives it a unique allure. Bornholm is a picturesque place to relax and be away from the hustle and bustle of the city. Tourists come to Bornholm to explore Almindingen, which is Denmark’s third largest forest.

Kronborg Castle
Most visitors visit Kronborg Castle, an important example of a Renaissance castle. Construction began in 1574 on the strategic extension that forms the border between Denmark and Sweden. It has become one of the most famous tourist attractions in Denmark.

Skagen beaches
Skagen’s beaches extend over 5,000 miles of coastline, for a fun and relaxing beach vacation. The beaches in Skagen are beautiful beaches. Also, it is noted that there are the largest moving sand dunes in Denmark, and a church was buried there completely because of the sand except for the church steeple that you can see.

Viking Ship Museum
The Viking Ship Museum in Roskilde has many visitors. To be included in the important landmarks of the visit, which holds interactive exhibitions that attract adults and children. Most visitors enjoy seeing the original Viking ships discovered at Roskilde.

Oresund Bridge
This remarkable engineering feat that crosses the Öresund Strait between Copenhagen and Malmö, Sweden. It extends up to 8 km (5 mi), to carry rail passengers and cars. Oresund opened in 2000 to accommodate approximately 17,000 daily vehicles. Visitors to Denmark use the bridge as a comfortable gateway to Sweden, while others prefer the experience of crossing the bridge.

Fredericksburg Castle
Fredericksburg Castle is located in the middle of a wonderful lake, which hosts the National History Museum. The castle was built in the 17th century and has hosted the museum on its site since 1878. Visitors can wander the arcades of the castle while viewing a wide range of artworks.